Tugas Reading 3.
Bu Dwi Harayanti
Nama: Iin Romatun anita Z
NIM: A32080311
Text 1
It has long been known that when exposed to light under suitable condition of temperature and moisture, the green parts of plants are carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen to it. These exchanges are te opposite of those that occur in respiration. The process is called photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, carbohydrates are synthesis from carbon dioxide and water by the chloroplasts of plant cells in the presence of light. In most plants, the water used photosynthesis is absorbed from the soil by the roots and translocated through the xylem of the root and stem the leaves. Except for the usually small percentage used respiration, the oxygen released in the process diffuses out of the leaf into ye atmosphere trough the stomates. Oxygen is the product of the reaction. For each molecule of carbon dioxide used, one molecule of oxygen is released. A summary chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2+6H2O→C6 H12 O6+ 6O2
As result of this process, radiant energy from the sun is stored as chemical energy. In turn, the chemical energy is used to decompose carbon dioxide and water. The products of their decomposition are recombined into a new compound, which is successively built up into more and more complex substances. After many intermediate steps, sugar is produced. At the same time, a balance of gases is preserved in the atmosphere.
1. Which title best expressed the ideas in this passage?
(a) A chemical Equation
(b) The process of Photosynthesis
(c) The Parts of Vascular Plants
(d) The Production of Sugar
2. in photosynthesis water
(a) must be present
(b) is produced in carbohydrates
(c) is stored as chemical energy
(d) interrupts the chemical reaction
3. Which process is the opposite of photosynthesis?
(a) Decomposition
(b) Synthesis
(c) Diffusion
(d) Respiration
4. The combination of carbon dioxide and water form sugar results in an excess of
(a) water
(b) oxygen
(c) carbon
(d) chlorophyll
5. The word “stored” in line 13 closet it meaning to
(a) retained
(b) converted
(c) discovered
(d) specific
6. In photosynthesis, energy from the sun is
(a) changed to chemical energy
(b) conducted from the xylem to the leaves of green plants
(c) not necessary to the process
(d) released one to one for each molecule of carbon dioxide used
7. The word “ their” in line 15 refers to
(a) radiant energy and chemical energy
(b) carbon dioxide and water
(c) product
(d) complex substance
8. The word “ successively” in line 15 is close in meaning to
(a) with effort
(b) in sequence
(c) slowly
(d) carefully
9. Besides the manufacture of food for plants, what is another benefit of photosynthesis?
(a) It produces solar energy
(b) It diffuses additional carbon dioxide into the air
(c) It maintains a balance of gases in the atmosphere
(d) It removes harmful gases from the air
10. Which of the following is not true of the oxygen used in photosynthesis?
(a) Oxygen is absorbed of the root
(b) Oxygen is the product of photosynthesis
(c) Oxygen is used in respiration
(d) Oxygen is released into the atmosphere through the leaves
Terjemahan
Telah lama diketahui bahwa ketika terkena cahaya kondisi di bawah sesuai suhu dan kelembaban, Bagian hijau tanaman adalah karbon dioksida dari atmosfer dan membebaskan oksigen untuk itu dalam pertukaran itu telah terjadi dari dalam pernafasan. Prose situ disebut photosintesis. Dalam fotosintesis, carbohidrat ialah hasil sintesa dari karbondioksida da air dengan menggunakan akar dan di salurkan terus memlalui xylem akar dan batang daun. Keculi untuk yang biasanya mempunyai presentasi kecil dalam menggunakan pernafasan, oksigen dibebaskan dalam proses difusi ke daun menuju atmosper sampai ke stomata. Oksigen adalah produksi dalam suatu raksi. Untuk setiap molejuk daro karbondioksida yang digunakan 1 molekul iksigen dibebaskan/ disebar. Hasi kesimpulan rumus kimia fotosintesis adalah:
6CO2+6H2O→C6 H12 O6+ 6O2
Sebagai hasil dari proses ini, energi sinar dari matahari menyimpan energi kimia. Pada gilirannya, energi kimia digunakan untuk menguraikankarbon dioksida dan air. Hasil produksi daro pembusukan itu dikombinasikan kedalam satu senyawa baru, yang berturut-turut dibangun menjadi zat yang lebih dan lebih kompleks. Kemudian beberapa step dilanutkan, gulapun diproduksi. Dalam waktu tang sama, keseimbanagan gas adalah menjga di dalam atmosfer.
Kunci jawaban
1. B 6. A
2. A 7. B
3. C 8. B
4. B 9. B
5. A 10. A
Text 2
Alfred Bernhard Nobel, a Swedish inventor and philanthropist, bequeathed most of is vast fortune in trust as a fund from which annual prizes could be awarded to individuals and organizations who had achieved the greatest benefit to humanity in a particular year. Originally, there were six classifications for outstanding contributions designated in Nobel’s will including chemistry, physic, physiology or medicine, literature, and international peace.
The prizes are administrated by Nobel Foundation in Stockholm. In 1969, a prize for economics endowed by the central Bank of Sweden was added. Candidates for the prizes must be nominated writing by a qualified authority in the field of Competition. Recipients in physic, chemistry, and economics are selected by Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; in physiology or medicine by Caroline Institute; in literature by the Swedish Academy; and in peace by Norwegian Nobel Committee appointed by Norway’s parliament. The prizes are usually presented in Stockholm on December 10, with King of Sweden officiating, an appropriate tribute to Alfred Nobel on the anniversary of his death. Each one includes a gold medal, a diploma, and cash award of about one million dollars.
1. What does this passage mainly discuss?
(a) Alfred Bernhard Nobel
(b) The Nobel Prize
(c) Great contribution to mankind
(d) Swedish philanthropist
2. Why were the prizes named for Alfred Bernhard Nobel?
(a) He left money in this will to establish a fund for the prizes
(b) He won the first Nobel prize for his work in philanthropy
(c) He is now living in Sweden
(d) He serves as chairman of the committee to choose the recipients of the prize
3. how often are the Nobel prizes awarded?
(a) Five times a year
(b) Once a year
(c) Twice a year
(d) Once every two tears
4. The word “outstanding” in line 4 could best be replaced by
(a) Recent
(b) Unusual
(c) Established
(d) Exceptional
5. The word “ will” in line 4 refers to
(a) Nobel’s wishes
(b) A legal document
(c) A future intention
(d) A free choice
6. A Nobel prize would NOT be given
(a) an author who wrote a novel
(b) a doctor who discovered a vaccine
(c) a composer who wrote a symphony
(d) a diplomat who negotiated a peace settlement
7. The word “ one” in line 13 refers to
(a) Tribute
(b) Anniversary
(c) Prize
(d) Candidate
8. Which individual or generation serves as administration for the trust?
(a) The King of Sweden
(b) Te Nobel Foundation
© The Central Bank of Sweden
(d) Swedish and Norwegian academies and institute
9. The word “appropriate” in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(a) Prestigious
(b) Customary
(c) Suitable
(d) Transitory
10. Why are the awards presented on December 10?
(a) It is a tribute to the King of Sweden
(b) Alfred Bernhard Nobel died on that day
© That date was established in Alfred Nobel’s will
(d)0 The Central Bank of Sweden administrates the trust
Terjemahan
Alfred Bernard Nobel, seorang pencipota dan seoramg dermawan dari Swedia, mewariskan sebagian besar adalah keberuntungan besar di percaya sebagai dana dari mana hadiah tahunan dapat diberikan kepada individu dan organisasi yang telah mencapai manfaat terbesar bagi kemanusiaan dalam suatu tahun tertentu. Awalnya, ada enam klasifikasi untuk kontribusi luar biasa yang ditunjuk di Nobel akan termasuk kimia, fisik, fisiologi ataukedokteran, sastra, dan perdamaian internasional.
Penghargaan ini dikelola oleh Nobel foundation di Stockol. Pada tahun 1969, telah ditambah penghargaan ekonomi dibantu oleh Bank Sentral dari Swedia. para calon pemegang hadiah. Harus dinominasikan tertulis oleh orang yangberkualitas di bidang Kompetisi penerima dalam Fisika, Kimia dan Ekonomi di piklih oleh Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, dalam fisiologi atau kedokteran oleh Caroline Institute, dalam literatur oleh Akademi Swedia; dan perdamaian oleh Komite Nobel Norwegia yang ditunjuk oleh parlemen Norwegia. Penghargaan biasanya dipersembahklan di Stockhol di tanggal 10 Desember, yang dipimpin oleh Raha Swedia, yang pantas mendaopatkan hadiah Alfred Nobel dalam 1 tahun kematiannya. Masing-masing mencakup medali emas, diploma, danpenghargaan uang tunai sekitar satu juta dolar.
Jawaban
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. C
10. B
Text 3
According to the controversial sunspot theory, great storms on the surface of the sun hurl streams of solar particles into the atmosphere, causing a shift in the weather on earth.
A typical sunspot consists of a dark central umbra surrounded by a lighter penumbra of light and dark threads extending out from the center like the spokes of a wheel. Actually, the sunspots are cooler than the rest of the photosphere, which may account for their color. Typically, the temperature in a sunspot umbra is about 4000 K, whereas the temperature in a penumbra registers 5500 K, and the granules outside the spot are 6000 K.
Sunspots range in size from tiny granules to complex structure with areas stretching for billion of square miles. About 5% of the spots are large enough so that they can be seen without instruments; consequently, observations of sunspot have been recorded for several thousand years.
Sunspots have been absorbed in arrangements of one to more than one hundred spots, but they tend to occur in pairs. There is also a marked tendency for the two spots of a pair to have opposite magnetic polarities. Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic field associated with any given sunspot is closely related too the spot’s size.
Although there is no theory that completely explains the nature function of sunspots, several models attempt to relate the phenomenon to magnetic fields along the lines of longitude from the north and south poles the sun.
1. What the author’s main purpose in the passage?
(a) To propose a theory to explain sunspots
(b) To describe the nature of sunspots
(c) To compare the umbra and the penumbra in sunspots
(d) To argue for the existence of magnetic fields in sunspots
2. The word “ controversial” in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(a) Widely accepted
(b) Open to debate
(c) Just introduced
(d) Very complicated
3, Solar particles at=re hurled into space by
(a) undetermined causes
(b) Disturbances of wind
© small rivers on the surface of the sun
(e) changes in the earth’s atmosphere
4. The word “ particles” in line 2 refers to
(a) gas explosions in the atmosphere
(b) light rays from the sun
(c) liquid streams on the sun
(d) small pieces of matter from the sun
5. How can we describe matter from the sun that enters the earth’s atmosphere?
(a) Very small
(b) Very ho
(c) Very bright
(d) Very hard
6. The sunspot theory is
(a) not considered very important
(b) Widely accepted
(c) Subject to disagreement
(d) Relatively new
7. Te word “ they” in line 9 9 refers to
(a) structure
(b) Spots
(c) Miles
(d) Granules
8. The word “ consequently” in line 10 could best be replaced by
(a) As a result
(b) Nevertheless
(c) Without doubt
(d) In this way
9. In which configuration do sunspots usually occur?
(a) In one spot of varying size
(b) In a configuration of two spots
(c) In arrangement of the hundred or more spots
(d) In groups of several thousand spots
10. How are sunspot explained?
(a) Sunspot appear to be related to magnetic fields on the earth
(b) Sunspots may be related to magnetic fields that follow longitudinal lines on the sun
(c) Sunspots are explained by storms that occur on the earth
(d) Sunspots have no theory or model to explained them.
Terjemahan
Menurut teori bintik matahari yang controversial, permikaan badai yang besar dari melemparkan aliran matahari dari partikel solar kedalam atmosphere, yang menyebabkan berubahnya musim/cuaca di bumi.
Kriteria bintik matahari terdiri dari pusat gelap umbra yang mengiiiitari cahaya penumbra pada cahaya dan benang gelap yang menyampaikan daro pudat sperti jari-jari roda tyang memutar. Kenyataannya, bintik matahari lebih dingin dari pada sisa-sisa fotosfer, dimana bias dihitun sstiap dari setiap warnanya. Criteria, temperature/ suu yang ada di bintik matahari umbra sekitar 4000 K, menginagt suu temperature panas penumbra 5500 K, dan granula berbintik yaiitu 6000 K.
Sunspots berbagai ukuran dari butiran kecil untuk struktur yang kompleks dengan daerah peregangan untuk 1 miliar mil persegi.Sekitar 5% dari tempat yang cukup besar sehingga mereka dapat dilihat tanpa instrumen; akibatnya, pengamatan sunspottelah dicatat selama beberapa ribu tahun.
Bintik matahari telah diserap dalam pengaturan dari satu ke lebihdari seratus tempat, tetapi mereka cenderung terjadi pada pasangan. Ada juga kecenderungan ditandai untuk dua tempatdari pasangan untuk memiliki polaritas magnet yang berlawanan.Selanjutnya, kekuatan dengan medan magnet apapun terkait bintik matahari yang diberikan sangat erat terkait juga ukuran bintik.
Meskipun tidak ada teori yang benar-benar menjelaskan fungsisifat bintik matahari, beberapa model usaha menghubungkanfenomena medan magnet sepanjang garis bujur dari utara dan kutub selatan matahari.
Jawaban
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. D
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. B
